Thame’s weekly market, livestock market, fairs and inns were well established by 1600. There was a thriving agricultural sector and prominent, influential families owned both Rycote Manor and Thame Park. But by 1640, there was growing dissent against the payment of new taxes levied by King Charles I (1600-1649), and the town was divided between royalists and parliamentarians.

The English Civil War (1642-1646) had a major impact on Thame. The town’s location at the centre of a road network, and its position between the royalist and parliamentarian strongholds made it a strategic target.

The monarchy was restored in 1660, with King Charles II (1630-1685). A period of recovery and re-building followed with James Bertie, (owner of Thame Park) building a new market hall in 1684.